Mendel, Watson, Crick, and the long argument about what heredity actually is.
Inside every cell sits two metres of DNA coiled into a space six micrometres across. How the double helix works, why complementary base pairing matters, and how one molecule copie…
DNA stores the instructions but never leaves the nucleus. RNA carries the working copy. How transcription turns a gene into messenger RNA, how translation reads the genetic code t…
Chromosomes are not merely storage — the way DNA is packaged controls which genes are active. Five levels of compaction from double helix to metaphase chromosome, the human karyot…
Before DNA was discovered, Gregor Mendel deduced the rules of inheritance from pea counts. What alleles are, why some are dominant and others recessive, how the Punnett square pre…
Sex is determined at fertilisation by a single genetic difference: whether the fertilising sperm carries an X or a Y. Every egg carries X — so the father always determines the chi…