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Section 03 of 09 20 essays · Spring 2026

Mental Health.

Depression, anxiety, trauma, therapy, psychiatry, and what we now know about caring for the mind.

Section editor
Dr. Sela Hartmann
The mind is a long, patient instrument. We cover the clinical literature, the politics of care, and the slow craft of getting better — in whatever sense that turns out to mean.
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03
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04
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05
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06
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Anxiety Disorders: Amygdala Hyperactivation and the GABA Deficit

Anxiety disorders begin with a failure of inhibitory GABA tone over the amygdala. Five people — generalised anxiety, panic, social, health …

07
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Bipolar Disorder: Mitochondrial Energy Instability as the Root of Mood Cycling

Bipolar disorder is, at its metabolic core, a disease of unstable brain energy production. Five people who stabilised their mood cycling th…

08
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Schizophrenia: Dopamine Excess, NMDA Hypofunction, and the Metabolic Pathway to Recovery

Schizophrenia involves two interacting neurochemical disruptions — mesolimbic dopamine excess and prefrontal NMDA hypofunction — both downs…

09
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Epilepsy: GABA/Glutamate Imbalance and the Ketogenic Diet as Standard of Care

Epilepsy was the first neurological condition shown to respond to ketogenic therapy — a century of evidence. Five cases illustrating how ke…

010
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Eating Disorders: Hypothalamic Reward Disruption and the Starvation Loop

Anorexia nervosa is not a choice — it is a disorder of the hypothalamic dopamine reward circuit in which restriction becomes neurologically…

011
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

OCD: The Stuck Loop — CSTC Circuit Hyperactivation and How to Quiet It

OCD is a disease of metabolic hyperactivation in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit. Five people whose intrusive thought loops qu…

012
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Specific Phobia: Fear Memory, Extinction Failure, and the Metabolic Prerequisites of Recovery

Specific phobias persist because fear extinction — an active, energy-demanding process — fails when PFC metabolism is impaired. Five people…

013
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

PTSD: How Chronic Cortisol and Hippocampal Loss Keep the Trauma Alive

PTSD is the condition that results when traumatic fear memories fail to be contextualised. Chronic cortisol shrinks the hippocampus; amygda…

014
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

ADHD: Dopamine and the Fuel-Starved Prefrontal Cortex

ADHD is a disorder of the prefrontal cortex — specifically of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic supply that enables sustained attention an…

015
May 26, 2026 · 3 min read

Alzheimer's Disease: Brain Insulin Resistance and the Ketone Rescue

Alzheimer's disease is increasingly understood as type 3 diabetes — brain insulin resistance that starves neurons of glucose decades before…

016
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Alcohol Use Disorder: GABA Dependence, Reward Hijacking, and Metabolic Recovery

Alcohol use disorder forms because ethanol hijacks the GABA and dopamine systems the brain depends on for calm and reward. When alcohol wit…

017
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Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Gut Dysbiosis, and the Metabolic Overlap

A significant subset of autism involves mitochondrial dysfunction and gut-brain axis disruption that drives neuroinflammation. Five people …

018
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Depression is not a choice, a character flaw, or a failure of will — it is a biological disorder in which the brain's reward circuitry goes…

019
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Why You Feel Empty: Gabor Maté on the Hungry Ghost and the Void Inside

The feeling of inner emptiness — the sense that nothing quite fills you, that you are always reaching for something just out of reach — is …

020
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The Choice That Broke You: Gabor Maté on Why You Abandoned Your Authentic Self

Every child faces a version of the same impossible dilemma: be yourself, or be loved. When being authentic — expressing anger, fear, sadnes…

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